Which concept describes a system where social rewards, status, and positions are awarded based on merit, assuming equal opportunity?

• A. Aristocracy
• B. Oligarchy
• C. Meritocracy
• D. Plutocracy

Answer: (C)

Meritocracy describes a system in which social rewards, status, and leadership positions are earned based on individual merit, assuming equal opportunity for all. In this view, advancement comes from talent, effort, education, and demonstrated ability rather than birthright, wealth, or close connections. This contrasts with aristocracy, where power is tied to hereditary status; oligarchy, where a small group holds power regardless of merit; and plutocracy, where wealth dictates who governs. The idea centers on rewarding the most capable people, though in real life equal opportunity is hard to achieve, which can blur the distinction between the ideal and how societies actually function.