Which of the following is NOT listed as a form of ingratiation?

• A. Guilt-tripping
• B. Flattery
• C. Self-presentation
• D. Opinion conformity

Answer: (A)

Ingratiation is a set of tactics aimed at making oneself more likable to influence others. Flattery directly aims to boost the other person’s favorable view. Self-presentation involves presenting oneself in a warm, competent light to be seen positively. Opinion conformity means aligning with the other person’s views to reduce resistance and gain acceptance. Guilt-tripping, on the other hand, targets someone’s emotions to coerce behavior, not to increase likability. So it isn’t considered a form of ingratiation.