Which term refers to evaluating cultures based on their own norms and values?

• A. External Locus of Control
• B. Organization
• C. Social Reproduction
• D. Cultural Relativism

Answer: (D)

Cultural relativism is the idea that cultures should be understood on their own terms, using their norms and values as the standard rather than applying outside judgments. This stance helps researchers interpret unfamiliar practices by considering historical, social, and contextual factors within that culture, rather than labeling them as superior or inferior. For example, how a society organizes family roles, religious rituals, or dietary rules can be meaningful within its own context when viewed through cultural relativism. External Locus of Control is about whether people attribute outcomes to themselves or to external forces, not about evaluating cultures. Organization and Social Reproduction refer to structural or generational processes within societies, not to the methodological approach of cross-cultural judgment. Cultural relativism best describes evaluating cultures based on their own norms and values.